What Is Water Hammer?

Water hammer, also known as hydraulic shock, is a plumbing phenomenon that occurs when water flowing through pipes suddenly stops or changes direction. This abrupt shift creates a shockwave that causes a loud, hammering noise within the pipes. While this may sound minor, water hammer can lead to extensive plumbing issues, including pipe damage, joint leaks, and even potential system failure. Understanding what water hammer is, its causes, and the professional solutions available can help you protect your home’s plumbing system and keep your pipes running quietly.

What Causes Water Hammer?

Water hammer occurs primarily due to high water pressure and sudden valve closures, causing the moving water to come to an immediate halt. Here are the most common reasons behind this disruptive plumbing issue:

• Sudden Valve Shutoff: When a faucet or appliance (like a dishwasher or washing machine) shuts off the water flow instantly, it creates a surge of pressure within the pipes. This sudden change in velocity leads to the characteristic hammering sound of water hammer.
• High Water Pressure: When water pressure exceeds standard levels, it can amplify the effects of water hammer. The more pressure in the system, the more force water exerts on the pipes, creating a higher risk of sudden shock waves.
• Lack of Air Chambers: In older plumbing systems, air chambers were used to help cushion the impact of water hammer. However, if these chambers become waterlogged over time or are not functioning properly, water hammer can occur more frequently.
• Loose Pipes: When pipes are not adequately secured, they are more prone to movement when water flow is interrupted. This mobility amplifies the sound and the physical effects of water hammer.

Why Is Water Hammer a Problem?

While the loud water hammer sound can be startling, the real issue lies in the damage it can cause to your plumbing system. Over time, these repetitive shockwaves can lead to:

• Joint Damage: The force of water hammer can weaken joints and connections within the pipes, leading to leaks and potential flooding.
• Pipe Damage and Wear: Constant hydraulic shocks can cause pipes to bend, crack, or even burst over time. This is especially problematic in older systems or homes with high water pressure.
• Damage to Appliances: Appliances connected to the plumbing system, such as dishwashers, washing machines, and water heaters, may be adversely affected by water hammer. The continuous pressure surges can shorten their lifespan and lead to costly repairs or replacements.

What is a Water Hammer Arrestor?

A water hammer arrestor is a device installed within the plumbing system to help prevent water hammer. This device uses a spring-loaded mechanism or a sealed air chamber to absorb the shock when water flow suddenly stops. Unlike older methods, such as air chambers, water hammer arrestors are designed to operate over extended periods without losing effectiveness due to waterlogging.

How Does a Water Hammer Arrestor Work?

When water suddenly stops, the arrestor’s built-in air chamber or spring system compresses to absorb the shockwave, effectively cushioning the impact and silencing the water hammer sound. This quick response prevents the surge of pressure from causing undue stress on your plumbing system.

Water hammer arrestors are typically installed at locations in the plumbing system where abrupt shutoff events occur, such as near washing machines, dishwashers, or valves. They provide a long-term solution to water hammer and can help reduce the risk of damage to pipes and fixtures.

How to Fix Water Hammer: Professional Solutions

Addressing water hammer is essential for preventing long-term damage to your plumbing system. Here are some effective solutions that a professional plumber may use:

Installation of a Water Hammer Arrestor

One of the most effective ways to fix water hammer is to install a water hammer arrestor. As discussed, these devices are designed to absorb shock and prevent the reverberations that cause the water hammer sound. A licensed plumber can help you determine the best locations to install these devices to maximize their effectiveness.

Adjusting Water Pressure

High water pressure is a common culprit behind water hammer. A professional plumber can check your water pressure and, if necessary, install a pressure-reducing valve (PRV) to bring it within safe limits. Reducing the pressure can alleviate the forces exerted on your plumbing system, helping to minimize water hammer.

Securing Loose Pipes

If the water hammer is caused by loose pipes, a plumber can install pipe straps or brackets to secure them in place. Properly anchored pipes are less likely to vibrate or move when water flow stops, which can greatly reduce the noise associated with water hammer.

Replacing Worn Valves or Components

Faulty or old valves in your plumbing system can worsen water hammer by allowing more water flow than necessary or closing too abruptly. A plumber can replace old, worn valves with modern, water-hammer-resistant ones, reducing the likelihood of sudden pressure surges.

Air Chamber Restoration

In some older systems, air chambers were installed as a buffer against water hammer. However, these chambers can become waterlogged over time. A plumber can clear these chambers to restore their effectiveness or replace them with modern water hammer arrestors if needed.

Is Water Hammer a Common Problem?

Yes, water hammer is a common plumbing issue that affects both residential and commercial properties. The problem can occur with any plumbing fixture that requires quick shutoff, such as washing machines, dishwashers, or even standard faucets. Because of the potential for long-term damage, it’s crucial to address water hammer promptly with the help of professional plumbing services.

Protecting Your Plumbing from Water Hammer

Preventing water hammer not only helps keep your home quieter but also protects your pipes, joints, and appliances from unnecessary stress and damage. Regular maintenance, checking water pressure, and using modern components like water hammer arrestors can all contribute to a safer, more efficient plumbing system. Additionally, keeping your water pressure within recommended levels (usually 40-60 psi for most homes) can significantly reduce the likelihood of experiencing water hammer.

Call Patriot Pros for Plumbing Repair in Castle Rock

If you’re dealing with water hammer or suspect your plumbing system may be at risk, it’s best to consult a professional. At Patriot Pros, our experienced plumbers are ready to assess and address any plumbing repair needs, including installing water hammer arrestors, securing pipes, and adjusting water pressure. Don’t let water hammer put your plumbing at risk—contact Patriot Pros today for reliable plumbing repair in Castle Rock!